VIAGRA THE POTENTIAL ALTERNATE.......

Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names, is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was developed and is being marketed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It acts by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the penis. Since becoming available in 1998, sildenafil has been the prime treatment for erectile dysfunction.
Sildenafil was synthesized by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working at Pfizer's Sandwich, Kent, research facility in England. It was initially studied for use in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a symptom of ischaemic heart disease). The first clinical trials were conducted in Morriston Hospital in Swansea under the direction of Ian Osterloh who suggested that the drug had little effect on angina, but that it could induce marked penile erections. Pfizer therefore decided to market it for erectile dysfunction, rather than for angina. The drug was patented in 1996, approved for use in erectile dysfunction by the US Food and Drug Administration on March 27, 1998, becoming the first oral treatment approved to treat erectile dysfunction in the United States, and offered for sale in the United States later that year. It soon became a great success: annual sales of Viagra in the period 1999–2001 exceeded $1 billion
The mechanism of action of Sildenafil citrate involves the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis which results in increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), leading to smooth muscle relaxation of the intimal cushions of the helicine arteries, resulting in increased inflow of blood and an erection.Robert F. Furchgott won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 for his discovery and analysis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, a key part of the NO mechanism of action.
PROMINENT FIELDS OF APPLICATION
Sexual dysfunction
Pulmonary hypertension
Altitude sickness
Use in sports
SIDE EFFECTS
In clinical trials, the most common adverse effects of sildenafil use included headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion and impaired vision, including photophobia and blurred vision. Some sildenafil users have complained of seeing everything tinted blue (cyanopsia). Some complained of blurriness and loss of peripheral vision. In July 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found that sildenafil could lead to vision impairment in rare cases
Rare but serious adverse effects found through postmarketing surveillance include priapism, severe hypotension, myocardial infarction (heart attack), ventricular arrhythmias, stroke, increased intraocular pressure and sudden hearing loss. As a result of these postmarketing reports, in October 2007, the FDA announced that the labeling for all PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, required a more prominent warning of the potential risk of sudden hearing loss.

PARIS HILTON THE HOTTEST BURGER.......

Born in New York Hilton is the oldest of four children of Richard and Kathy Hilton She has a sister, Nicky, and brothers, Conrad and Barron. Her father is of German and Norwegian ancestry and her mother is of Italian and Irish ancestry.
On the maternal side of her family, she is a niece of two child stars of the 1970s, Kim Richards and Kyle Richards. Hilton was related by marriage to Nicole Richie's godmother, Nancy Davis, when Nancy's brother, Greg, was married to Kim Richards.
Hilton moved between several exclusive homes in her youth, including a suite in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan, Beverly Hills, and the Hamptons. As a child she was good friends with Nicole Richie and Kim Kardashian. She attended her freshman year of high school at the Marywood-Palm Valley School in Rancho Mirage, California followed by the Dwight School in New York for her sophomore and junior years. Famously she went to school here with Lady Gaga. She was then transferred to the Canterbury Boarding School, in New Milford, Connecticut where she was a member of the ice hockey team. However, in early 1999, she was expelled for violating the school rules.
Hilton began modeling as a child, initially at charity events. When she was 19, she signed with Donald Trump's modeling agency, Hilton has also worked with Ford Models in New York, Models 1 Agency in London, Nous Model Management in Los Angeles, and Premier Model Management in London. She has appeared in numerous advertising campaigns, including Iceberg Vodka, GUESS, Tommy Hilfiger, Christian Dior, and Marciano. In 2001, Hilton began to develop a reputation as a socialite, being identified as "New York's leading It Girl" whose fame was beginning to "extend beyond the New York tabloids".She has appeared in several magazines, including the April 2004 issue of Maxim
Paris Hilton has been quoted as saying that she is the "iconic blonde of the decade"' and compared herself to Princess Diana and Marilyn Monroe (a claim she denied in the May 2007 issue of Harper's Bazaar). She appeared in the 2007 Guinness World Records as the world's "Most Overrated Celebrity".In a poll conducted by the Associated Press and AOL, Hilton was voted the second "Worst Celebrity Role Model of 2006", behind Britney Spears Critics suggest that Hilton epitomizes the title of famous for being famous; echoing that sentiment, the Associated Press conducted what they called an experiment in February 2007, trying not to report on Hilton for a whole week.
Hilton recently posed nude, covered in gold paint, to promote "Rich Prosecco", a canned version of an Italian sparkling wine
STARDUM ARE LIKE FIRE CRACKERS WHEN THEY ARE IN THE AIR PEOPLE NOTICE THEM BUT ONCE THEY ARE OFF NOBODY KNOWS WHERE TO FIND THEM........

SOME TERRIFYING ENCOUNTERS.........

Except for snakes, probably nothing scares people more than scorpions do.
A scorpion packs its poison in a stinger at the tip of its tail. Most often it uses its poison to kill insects and other small prey. But it also stings to defend itself.
About 1500 species of scorpions live around the world. But fewer than 50 are dangerous to people. And just two of those species live in the United States - both in Arizona.The common yellow scorpion, lives in Northern Africa. No one knows how many people die from its sting, but it's one of the world's most deadly scorpions

There are about 37,000 species of spiders in the world, and only a few are dangerous to humas.

One of the most famous is the female black widow . The male also has a poisonous bite, but its too small to be dangerous.

Female black widows are dangerous for two reasons: Their poison is powerful, and they often live near people. Every year in the United States, about 3000 poeple are bitten by black widows. The spiders' bites are very painful, but deaths are rare.

Black widows can be found in every state except Alaska, but most are found in warm parts of the country. They like to hide in old buildings, stacks of wood, and other dark, moist places.

Widows don't go cahsing after people, of course. But they will bite to protect themselves or their eggs. So always be careful where you put your bare hands!

One of the most deadly plants is poison hemlock , which grows throughout the world. It belongs to the carrot and celery family, but don't let that fool you. All parts of this plant carry a very powerful poison.
People have died by mistaking the leaves for parsley and the roots for carrots. Luckily, poison hemlock has a bitter taste and smells like cat pee, so few people ever eat it.
Some close relatives, called water hemlocks, can also be deadly. Eating just one piece of root could kill an adult. And some children have been poisoned by using the plant's hollow stems as pea-shooters.

THE MAKING OF A MUMMY

1. The brain was pulled out through the nose using hooks. The liver, intestines, stomach and the lungs were pulled out through an incision in the side of the mummy. The brain was considered "unimportant" so was usually thrown out. The other four organs were kept in jars. They had special symbols on the jars. They were: Hapy, the Baboon which held the lungs; Duamutef, the jackal which held the stomach; Aebehsenuef, the falcon, which held the intestines; and Imsety, the human head, which held the liver. These were all known as the sons of Horus. These heads were used at about 1500 BC in 2000 BC they usually used the dead person's head, and after that in 1000 BC they would just wrap the organs and put them back in the body. Even then, these jars were still kept in the tomb.
2. After these organs were taken out, they would cleanse the body in a special liquid to help preserve the skin. Then they would have to wait 40 days for the body to dry. Mummies were then stuffed with linen, along with sand and sawdust, to give them form. After this was done, they would start to wrap the body.
3. Even though the wrapping may seem the easiest, it wasn't. They would usually use linen or shrouds which are large sheets of material that were thrown over the body like a cape. The shroud had to be large enough to tie a knot behind the head and also under the feet. On one mummy, scientists counted 20 alternating layers of bandages of linen and shrouds! After the shroud was put on, they had to wrap every finger and toe separately. Then a strip of long linen that began at the right shoulder was crisscrossed over the head. The bandages were wrapped very tightly to keep the distinct figure of the mummy. Sometimes they would use protective amulets or the dead person's jewelry in between some of the layers. They also had to apply a sticky liquid called resin in between each layer to keep the bandages together and slowly stiffen the body. About 15 days were set aside for this wrapping and it was accompanied by lots of prayer and ritual.

For almost 500 years, people in Europe used a black powder made from mumiya to help them get better when they were sick. Mumiya is a black gooey tar that forms in the ground in certain places in the world. Some people made a mistake and thought that mumiya was black stuff found on mummies. So people started to grind mummies into a powder. They would sell the powder as mumiya even though mumiya was hardly ever used on mummies. They ground up the mummies into a dust and sold it as Mummy Powder all over Europe. People used the mummy powder as medicine when they got sick. Even as late as 1972, there were books for doctors that listed mummy powder.

THE PYRAMIDS

There are about 110 pyramids currently known in Egypt, many in a state of great disrepair and almost unrecognizable. Some were built as burial places for kings and other for queens . A pyramid also may have represnted a stairway for the king to ascend to the heavens, another possibility is that it was symbolic of the primeval mound on which the sun god/creator was born.
How Egyptians managed the complex organization of labour and the physical movement of large stone blocks is still a matter of debate.Pyramid construction may have involved ramps being erected around the pyramid. Blocks of stone would have been pulled up on sledges and the ramps dismantled later. Its believed thet most of the labour for the construction of the pyramids would have come from farmers who were available during the inundation season when the Nile River flooded and farmland was underwater. It would also have been an ideal time for the transportation by boat of large stone blocks from their quarries to the pyramid sites.

The Egyptians would often place valuable things in their tomb to use in the after life or as offerings. So people would always try to break into tombs to steal these things. These kind of people are called "tomb robbers." Sometimes kings and queens had to be moved from their royal tombs and placed in regular tombs by faithful priests and servants to hide their valuables.
When tomb robbers broke into a tomb, they would break the mummies into pieces so they could take the jewelry off their bodies. This happened alot until the late 1800s and early 1900s. Scientists finally talked the Egyptian government into making it against the law to steal from a tomb. But still today, people steal ancient artifacts around the world. This is too bad because when people do that, it destroys valuable information about ancient people.

something thrilling for wine lovers......

Okinawa Awamori or Habu Sake is a liquor that includes a well preserved Habu snake coiled inside it. Habu snakes are a species of venomous snakes that are belong to the pit viper family. A bottle of Habu Sake is very expensive and does come with its' very own snake If you're looking for the expensive bottle, look to be paying over $1,000 for it. So why is there a snake at the bottom of the bottle? Habu snakes are believed to have medicinal purposes. The snake's body has many amino acids that are beneficial to humans. When the Habu snake is caught, it is placed inside a bottle of 95 percent alcohol and is left to soak for a month then put into a lower percentage alcohol for another month then again moved to another lower alcoholic percentage mixture and mixed with Okinawa herbs.

The scorpions are immersed in 100% rice wine in special glass bottles and then they are sealed and stored in a cellar for five years... The wine contain substances necessary for the human body they are high quality tonics used . Regularly drinking appropriate quantities of the wines can moisturize your skin, improve your appetite, and strengthen your bones, tendons and muscles. They are used to treat general fatigue, hair loss, migraine headaches, rheumatism, and neurasthenia. The tonic wines do not cause dryness syndrome, such as constipation, thirst, dryness of the throat and nose. People of all ages and both sexes, including pregnant women, can drink them in four seasons.